See photo top right. The Daugherty typewriter weighs 16 lb. Front strike brands that were suitable for use in offices included the Underwood Typewriter , Monarch Typewriter , L. Typewriter , Royal Typewriter , Remington No. The last of these still had a double keyboard. In , Smith Premier advertised that , of its machines including upstrike and front strike models were in use. The Underwood No. The standard size Underwood No. Typewriter Co. The action of the Jackson Typewriter advertised is graphically described by Rehr , p.
Each type-bar resembled an elongated pantograph, with the scissors action accomplishing the mechanical gymnastics.
The flatbed Standard, No. A ad for the Royal No. The similar Royal No. In early , Royal claimed there were , Royal typewriter users. System , Mar. On the Emerson Typewriter , the type-bars swung to the platen from the sides, half from the left and half from the right. The Standard Folding Typewriter , a 5. Production of the Standard Folding totaled about 27, machines during , and production of the Corona totaled about , machines during ETCetera No. The Corona's first major direct competitor, the Underwood Standard Portable, was introduced in Royal Typewriter with wide carriage.
Pittsburg Visible No. Remington Rand Noiseless Typewriter. Oliver No. The Oliver Visible Typewriter is a distinctive downstrike visible typewriter with a double shift key. Half the inverted-U-shaped type-bars are nested over the carriage on each side of the machine.
They strike downward on the top of the platen. Oliver typewriters excelled at stencil cutting, could be used to produce as many as twenty carbon copies, and were widely used in offices. Around , an Austrian company began production of the Courier under a license from Oliver. The photograph top right shows a public stenographer using an Oliver typewriter c. In , it was reported that "So dependent have the merchants become upon the type-writer that in no less than ten of New York's hotels type-writer operators find a profitable business in doing the correspondence of guests.
A ad for the Oliver No. Over 15, of our Model No. Also in , the company stated that its machines were "used in different railroad offices. Two of the largest mail-order houses in the world each use over 1, See photo to right.
Public Stenographer using Oliver, c. National Museum of American Art, J. Monarch Typewriter No. Many brands of office typewriters were offered with wide carriages for use in typing on wide sheets of paper, including business forms.
Some typewriters were offered with interchangeable carriages of different lengths. Underwood Typewriter No. According to a December article in Automatic Age , coin-operated typewriters were designed for use by travelers at hotels but were soon installed in "libraries, YMCAs, YWCAs, nurses homes, university districts, boats, trains, department stores, clubs, and various other places equally profitable.
This device had been test marketed in a few cities during the preceding two years. The Type-O-Meter "consists of a small and compact steel box which is attached to the right side of a standard typewriter in which is located a time controlled locking mechanism that permits use of the typewriter for half an hour upon depositing of a ten cent piece. The price suggests that perhaps the typewriters were rebuilt rather than new.
Woodstock Electrite, Collection, cb A discussion of electric typewriters explains that "On a hand-operated machine the operator must furnish the power to operate the type bars, the line spacer, the back spacer, the carriage return, the shift keys, and the shift lock.
On the motorized machine the operator touches a key to indicate the operation to be performed, and the power to perform the actual operation is supplied by an electric motor. On some machines, the motor actuates the type bars only; on others the power is applied to all of the operations of the machine as described above.
IX, , pp. The Cahill, essentially an electric version of the Remington No. The sub-levers, spacebar and line spacer were electrically powered. Few of these machines were produced.
The Blickensderfer Electric was introduced in Rotation of the type-wheel, backspacer, line spacer, and margin stop were powered by an electric motor. It is reported that the machine was marketed for 15 years. ETCetera , No. The similar Woodstock Electrite , which had a small "outboard" motor, was introduced in and was still advertised in On both machines, only the type-bars and shift keys were powered by the motor.
The carriage return was manual. The Remington Electric was introduced in ; the type bars, shift keys, shift lock, tabular key, back spacer, line spacer, and carriage return were all powered by a rotating cylinder driven by an electric motor. The typewriter was based on the Remington No. The motors were made by the North East Electric Co.
Only 2, of these machines were produced. Remington Electrics could be connected in series; an operator would type on the first machine and the other machines would repeat the actions simultaneously. In , electric Vari-Typers were introduced. Single-element typewriters enable the user to print data in different languages or fonts.
Instead of using a bar mold for the type called a type bar , single-element typewriters use type wheels, type sleeves or type shuttles for molds. The most popular single-element was the Hammond type-shuttle typewriter produced in Type-bar typewriters, as the name suggests, use type bars, or molds of iron shaped like bars, for their types.
Type bars are the most common kind of typewriter and the original invented by Sholes, Glidden and Soule was a type-bar typewriter.
Derivatives of the type bar are denoted by the way the keys strike the type bar. The grasshopper model performs an odd action by seeming to jump forward to hit the platen on the type bar, while downstrike models strike the type bar by swinging down from the front. Index typewriters were far less costly in the pre-modern era, but also less useful. An index typewriter required that users first input what key they would like, and then perform another action usually pressing a lever to print the letter to a page.
Supporters of the manual typewriter view its use to be a nostalgic craft; however with time increasingly the most important factor in producing literature, the decline in popularity of the traditional typewriter has been substantial. EDITING The ability to store, edit and recreate a document makes electronic typewriters increasingly beneficial; although the growth in personal computers, laptops and notepad devices are eating into this market. With printing and publishing available and affordable to all, the present trend is to view the 'written' word in its electronic form.
That said, this type of communication will always be traced back to its origins - manual typewriter, which brought printing techniques to the masses. Anonymous answered. There is the electric typewriter and braille. There is the Qwerty layout as well as an alphabetical layout, but there are over 50 different types of typewriters, so the question is hard to answer.
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